Differences between common Refrigerants

Refrigerants come in all different gas compositions and are used in cooling systems for heat transfer. Some are good for certain purposes and some are not. We get a simplified basic understanding of these common refrigerants.

R12 - This gas is illegal and should not be used in any refrigerant system. Older systems using this gas should get this gas safely evacuated and disposed of. Releasing this gas damages the ozone layer.

R22 - Popular gas used in many commercial and industrial systems. Gas is inexpensive and is mass-produced in Asia. Good for use in both chillers, freezers, and blast freezers. This gas is being discontinued by 2020 in most countries due to having some ozone depletion properties.

R134a - Most car AC systems use this gas. Slightly more expensive than R22. Works well in most chilling operations. Not suitable for Freezer and blast freezer applications. Not Recommended to use in Water-cooled systems. Compressors operate well with this gas in higher ambient conditions. The full performance of the compressor is reduced, however, lifespan and reliability will be increased.

R404a - Popular to use with freezers and Blast freezers. Certain compressors can use this gas for chilling applications. This gas has good performance and efficiency. Not recommended to use in air-cooled chilling( above 0C ) applications in high ambient conditions ( above 35C ).

R407c - More expensive than R404a. Suitable to use for chilling and freezer systems. a slight loss in performance is expected.

R507 - More expensive than R404a. Suitable to use for chilling and freezer systems. No loss in performance

R744 - Also known as carbon dioxide, C02. Refrigerant is in-expensive. Requires special compressors and multi-stage systems that are expensive but also very efficient. Not recommended in places that have high ambient due to the high pressures. However, advancements in this technology can overcome this in the future. R744 is natural and has no ozone-depleting properties and will be safe to use for a long time.

R23 - Popular gas used in Ultra-low temperature applications. Normally for lab and medical systems that require temperatures of below -70C. There are many newer substitutes for this refrigerant and some can achieve lower temperatures.

R717 - is ammonia. R717 is environmentally friendly. It is the oldest and most popular refrigerant. Mostly used in open-type compressors due to it being corrosive to copper motor windings. Some advanced semi-hermetic and hermetic compressors use aluminum winding that can use ammonia as a refrigerant. Most refrigerant systems will need water cooling towers or evaporative condensers to operate. R717 is used in large factories and industries due to this refrigerant being very economical to use in large quantities. R717 systems are super duty and last a very long time. R717 Gas can be harmful if inhaled or exposed to skin and eyes, due to this, it is illegal in some countries and instead, R744 systems are being used. 

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Avoid buying refrigerants that are poorly manufactured and contaminated, this can cause damage to your refrigeration system. 

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